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1 εὐπαθής
II easily affected,ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀέρος Arist.Pr. 887b23
([comp] Sup.);εἰς τὸ πάσχειν Thphr. CP5.14.7
([comp] Comp.);τὸ εὐ. τῆς φύσεως Alex.Aphr.Pr.2.53
;εὐ. τῷ ἀέρι Plu.2.949e
([comp] Comp.);πρὸς τὸ πῦρ Id.Alex.35
;τροφῆς -έστατον ὑπὸ πέψεως Id.2.661c
; -έστερος οἶνος Gp.5.45.1
; susceptible to disease, Aret.SD1.11; of persons, susceptible,πρὸς τὸ φαινόμενον αἰσχρόν Plu. 2.528d
; [τάξεις] -έστεραι πρὸς τὰς τῶν πολεμίων ἐπιφανείας Onos. 6.3
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὐπαθής
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2 οὐρανός
οὐρανός, οῦ, ὁ 24:31 (Hom.+; ‘heaven’ in various senses)① the portion or portions of the universe gener. distinguished from planet earth, heaven (so mostly in the sing.; s. B-D-F §141, 1)ⓐ mentioned w. the earthα. forming a unity w. it as the totality of creation (Pla., Euthyd. 296d οὐρανὸς καὶ γῆ; Gen 1:1; 14:19, 22; Tob 7:17 BA; Jdth 9:12; Bel 5; 1 Macc 2:37 al.; PsSol 8:7; ParJer 5:32; Just., D. 74, 1; PGM 13, 784 ὁ βασιλεύων τῶν οὐρανῶν κ. τῆς γῆς κ. πάντων τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐνδιατριβόντων; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 59, 6; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 13]) ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ Mt 5:18; 11:25; 24:35; Mk 13:31; Lk 10:21; 16:17; 21:33; Ac 4:24; 14:15; 17:24 (on the absence of the art. s. B-D-F §253, 3); Rv 14:7; 20:11; Dg 3:4; AcPlCor 2:9; 19.β. standing independently beside the earth or contrasted w. it: Mt 5:34f; Ac 7:49 (cp. on both Is 66:1). ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ (τῆς) γῆς Mt 6:10; 28:18; Lk 11:2 v.l.; Rv 5:13.—1 Cor 8:5; Rv 5:3; ISm 11:2. τὸ πρόσωπον τ. γῆς καὶ τ. οὐρανοῦ Lk 12:56. Cp. Hb 12:26 (Hg 2:6); Js 5:12.—τὰ ἔσχατα τ. γῆς as extreme contrast to heaven 1 Cl 28:3. By God’s creative word the heaven was fixed and the earth founded on the waters Hv 1, 3, 4. Neither heaven nor earth can be comprehended by human measure 16:2 (Is 40:12). On ἀπʼ ἄκρου γῆς ἕως ἄκρου οὐρανοῦ Mk 13:27 s. under ἄκρον. ὁ πρῶτος οὐρ. καὶ ἡ πρώτη γῆ will give way in the last times to the οὐρ. καινός and the γῆ καινή Rv 21:1 (cp. Is 65:17; 66:22).ⓑ as firmament or sky over the earth; out of reach for humans Hm 11:18. Hence ἕως οὐρανοῦ (ApcEsdr 4:32) Mt 11:23; Lk 10:15 or εἰς τὸν οὐρ. Hv 4, 1, 5 as an expr. denoting a great height. Likew. ἀπὸ τ. γῆς ἕως τ. οὐρανοῦ 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin); GPt 10:40 (for a transcendent being who walks on the earth and whose head touches the sky, s. Il. 4, 443). Since the heaven extends over the whole earth, ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. under (the) heaven = on earth, throughout the earth (Pla., Tim. 23c, Ep. 7, 326c; UPZ 106, 14 [99 B.C.]; Eccl 1:13; 3:1; Just., A II, 5, 2) Ac 2:5; 4:12; Col 1:23; Hs 9, 17, 4; m 12, 4, 2. ὑποκάτωθεν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ throughout the earth 1 Cl 53:3 (Dt 9:14). ἐκ τῆς (i.e. χώρας) ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. εἰς τὴν ὑπʼ οὐρανόν from one place on earth to another Lk 17:24 (cp. Dt 29:19; Bar 5:3; 2 Macc 2:18 ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. εἰς τὸν ἅγιον τόπον).—In the last days there will appear τέρατα ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ ἄνω wonders in the heaven above Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3 v.l.). σημεῖον ἐν τῷ οὐρ. Rv 12:1, 3 (cp. Diod S 2, 30, 1 τὰ ἐν οὐρανῷ γινόμενα=what takes place in the heavens; Ael. Aristid. 50, 56 K.=26 p. 519 D., where the statue of Asclepius from Pergamum appears ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ). The sky can even be rolled up; s. ἑλίσσω.—Rain falls fr. heaven (X., An. 4, 2, 2) and heaven is closed to bring about a drought Lk 4:25.—Rv 11:6; Js 5:18 (cp. 2 Ch 6:26; 7:13; Sir 48:3). Lightning also comes fr. heaven (Bacchylides 17, 55f ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ … ἀστραπάν [=Attic-ήν]) Lk 10:18. Likew. of other things that come down like rain to punish sinners: fire Lk 9:54 (cp. 4 Km 1:10; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 14 [Stone p. 24]); Rv 20:9; fire and brimstone Lk 17:29 (cp. Gen 19:24); apocalyptic hail Rv 16:21; AcPl Ha 5, 7.ⓒ as starry heaven IEph 19:2. τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρ. (cp. ἄστρον and s. Eur., Phoen. 1; Diod S 6, 2, 2 ἥλιον κ. σελήνην κ. τὰ ἄλλα ἄστρα τὰ κατʼ οὐρανόν; Ael. Aristid. 43, 13 K.=1 p. 5 D.; TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; JosAs 2:11) Hb 11:12. οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐρ. 1 Cl 32:2 (Gen 22:17); cp. 10:6 (Gen 15:5). In the time of tribulation at the end of the world the stars will fall fr. heaven Mt 24:29a; Mk 13:25a; Rv 6:13; 12:4. Cp. 8:10; 9:1. ἡ στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρ. (s. οὐράνιος) the host of heaven, of the stars, which some Israelites illicitly worshipped Ac 7:42 (worship of the στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρ. in enmity to Yahweh also Jer 7:18; 19:13; Zeph 1:5; 2 Ch 33:3, 5). These are also meant by the δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν Mt 24:29b; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25b (cp. δύναμις 4).ⓓ as place of atmosphere (cp. TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 15 [Stone p. 22] εἰς τὴν αἰθέρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ); clouds hover in it, the νεφέλαι τοῦ οὐρ. (s. νεφέλη) Mt 24:30b; 26:64; Mk 14:62; D 16:8. Likew. the birds, τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (Gen 1:26; Ps 8:9; Jdth 11:7; ParJer 7:3; cp. Bar 3:17) Mt 6:26; 8:20; 13:32; Mk 4:32; Lk 8:5; 9:58; Ac 10:12; 11:6; 6:12 (Gen 1:26), 18; Hs 9, 24, 1; GJs 3:2 codd.; 18:2 codd.—πυρράζει ὁ οὐρανός Mt 16:2, 3.—In connection w. τὸν σατανᾶν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα Lk 10:18 the atmosphere may well be thought of as an abode of evil spirits. On Satan as the ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος, s. ἀήρ. Cp. also the λεγόμενοι θεοὶ εἴτε ἐν οὐρ. εἴτε ἐπὶ γῆς 1 Cor 8:5. In any case Rv 12:7f speaks of the dragon and his angels as being in heaven.ⓔ The concept of more than one heaven (the idea is Semitic; but s. FTorm, ZNW 33, ’34, 48–50, who refers to Anaximander and Aristot. Also Ps.-Apollod. 1, 6, 1, 2 ms. and Achilles Tat. 2, 36, 4 and 37, 2 ms. have οὐρανοί; Himerius, Or. 66 [=Or. 20], 4 οὐρανοί as the abode of the gods; also Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.] c. 66 JFlach of the ‘godless heathen’ Tribonian.—Schlatter, Mt2 p. 58 on 3:2: ‘The pl. οὐρανοί is found neither in Philo nor Joseph.’ Cp. PKatz, Philo’s Bible ’50, 141–46; Mussies 84) is also found in our lit. (s. 1aα; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 15]), but it is not always possible to decide with certainty just where the idea is really alive and where it simply survives in a formula (in J’s Gospel the pl. is entirely absent; Rv has it only 12:12 [fr. LXX]. Eph always has the pl. In others the sing. and pl. are interchanged for no apparent reason [cp. Hb 9:23 w. 24 or Hv 1, 1, 4 w. 1, 2, 1; also GPt 10:40f; Ps. 113:11 lines 1 and 2; TestAbr, TestJob, Just., Tat.]): the third heaven (cp. Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 12 ἐς τρίτον οὐρανὸν ἀεροβατήσας [s. on ἀνακαινίζω and πνεῦμα 8]; PSI 29, 2ff [IV A.D.?] ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν καθήμενον ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ οὐρανῷ … ἐν τῷ β´ οὐρ. … ἐν τῷ γ´ οὐρ.; Simplicius, In Epict. p. 100, 13 Düb. ὀκτὼ οὐρανοί; TestLevi 3:3; GrBar 11:1 εἰς πέμπτον οὐ. Combination of the third heaven and paradise, GrBar 10:1ff; ApcMos 37. S. τρίτος 1a) 2 Cor 12:2 (s. JohJeremias, Der Gottesberg 1919, 41ff; Ltzm., Hdb.4 ’49, exc. on 2 Cor 12:3f [lit.]). ὑπεράνω πάντων τῶν οὐρανῶν Eph 4:10. τ. πάντα ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς κ. ἐπὶ τ. γῆς Col 1:16; cp. vs. 20. ἔργα τ. χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρ. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26).—4:14; 7:26; 2 Pt 3:5, 7, 10, 12f (of the heavens, their destruction in the final conflagration, and their replacement by the καινοὶ οὐρ.); 1 Cl 20:1; 33:3. τακήσονταί τινες τῶν οὐρανῶν 2 Cl 16:3.—S. also Lampe s.v. 2.—From the concept of various celestial levels a transition is readily made to② transcendent abode, heaven (the pl. is preferred for this mng.: B-D-F §141, 1; Rob. 408)ⓐ as the dwelling-place (or throne) of God (Sappho, Fgm. 56 D.2 [=Campbell 54] of Eros; Solon 1, 22 D.3 of Zeus; Hom. Hymn to Aphrodite 291 [all three οὐρ. in the sing. as the seat of the gods]; Pla., Phdr. 246e ὁ μέγας ἐν οὐρανῷ Ζεύς; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2, 2; 3, 4 ὁ οὐρ. as οἰκητήριον θεοῦ or θεῶν; Dio Chrys. 19[36], 22 θεῶν μακάρων κατʼ οὐρανόν; Artem. 2, 68 p. 159, 13 ὁ οὐρανὸς θεῶν ἐστὶν οἶκος; Ael. Aristid. 43, 14 K.=1 p. 5 D.; Maximus Tyr. 11, 11b; ins from Saïtaï in Lydia [δύναμις 5]; IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 8 p. 129.—On the OT: GWestphal, Jahwes Wohnstätten 1908, 214–73) Mt 23:22; Ac 7:55f; Hb 8:1; 16:2b (Is 66:1); Dg 10:7. ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρ. Hv 1, 1, 6 (cp. Tob 5:17 S). ὁ θεὸς τοῦ οὐρ. (Gen 24:3) Rv 11:13; 16:11. ὁ κύριος ἐν οὐρανοῖς Eph 6:9; cp. Col 4:1. ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν (μου, ἡμῶν) ὁ ἐν (τοῖς) οὐρ. (silver tablet fr. Amisos: ARW 12, 1909, 25 ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ μέγας ὁ ἐν οὐρανῷ καθήμενος) Mt 5:16, 45; 6:1, 9; 7:11, 21b; 10:33; 12:50; 16:17; 18:10b, 14, 19; Mk 11:25f; Lk 11:2 v.l.; D 8:2 (here the sing. ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρ. Cp. PGM 12, 261 τῷ ἐν οὐρανῷ θεῷ). ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ the Father who (gives) from heaven Lk 11:13 (Jos., Ant. 9, 73 ἐκχέαι τὸν θεὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ). God dwells in τὰ ὕψη τῶν οὐρ. 1 Cl 36:2. Therefore the one who prays looks up toward heaven: ἀναβλέπειν εἰς τὸν οὐρ. (s. ἀναβλέπω 1) Mt 14:19; Mk 6:41; 7:34; Lk 9:16; MPol 9:2; 14:1. ἀτενίσας εἰς τὸν οὐρ. εἶδεν δόξαν θεοῦ Ac 7:55; ἐπάρας τ. ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν οὐρ. J 17:1.—The Spirit of God comes fr. (the open) heaven Mt 3:16; Mk 1:10; Lk 3:21; J 1:32; Ac 2:2(–4); 1 Pt 1:12; AcPlCor 2:5. The voice of God resounds fr. it (Maximus Tyr. 35, 7b Διὸς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ μέγα βοῶντος, the words follow) Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; J 12:28; Ac 11:9; MPol 9:1 (cp. Just., D. 88, 8), and it is gener. the place where divine pronouncements originate Ac 11:5 and their end vs. 10. The ὀργὴ θεοῦ reveals itself fr. heaven Ro 1:18 (s. Jos., Bell. 1, 630 τὸν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ δικαστήν). Also, a σημεῖον ἐκ (ἀπὸ) τοῦ οὐρ. is a sign given by God Mt 16:1; Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; cp. 21:11.—Lampe s.v. 4.ⓑ Christ is ἐξ οὐρανοῦ from heaven, of a heavenly nature 1 Cor 15:47 (s. ἄνθρωπος 1d. On this HKennedy, St. Paul and the Conception of the ‘Heavenly Man’: Exp. 8th ser., 7, 1913, 97–110; EGraham, CQR 113, ’32, 226) and has come down from heaven J 3:13b, 31; 6:38, 42, 50 (Ar. 15, 1 ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς; Mel., P. 66, 467 ἀφικόμενος ἐξ οὐρανῶν), as ὁ ἄρτος ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (s. ἄρτος 2). Cp. Ro 10:6. He returned to heaven (τὴν ἔνσαρκον εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺ ἀνάληψιν Iren. 1, 10, 1 [Harv. I 91, 2]; on the ascension s. CHönn, Studien zur Geschichte der Hf. im klass. Altertum: Progr. Mannheim 1910; EPfister, Der Reliquienkult im Altertum II 1912, 480ff; HDiels, Himmels u. Höllenfahrten v. Homer bis Dante: NJklA 49, 1922, 239–53; RHolland, Zur Typik der Himmelfahrt: ARW 23, 1925, 207–20; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32, 533 [ind.: Ascensus]; WMichaelis, Zur Überl. der Hf.s-geschichte: ThBl 4, 1925, 101–9; AFridrichsen, D. Hf. bei Lk: ibid. 6, 1927, 337–41; GBertram, Die Hf. Jesu vom Kreuz: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 187–217 [UHolzmeister, ZKT 55, ’31, 44–82]; HSchlier, Christus u. d. Kirche im Eph 1930, 1ff; VLarrañaga, L’Ascension de Notre-Seigneur dans le NT ’38 [fr. Spanish]. S. also at ἀνάστασις 2 end, and διά A 2a) to live there in glory: Mk 16:19; Lk 24:51; Ac 1:10f (AZwiep, The Ascension of the Messiah in Lukan Christology ’97); 2:34; 7:55f; 9:3; 22:6; 1 Pt 3:22; 15:9. Christians await his return fr. heaven: Ac 1:11; Phil 3:20; 1 Th 1:10; 4:16; 2 Th 1:7 (Just., A I, 51, 8 al.).—When Messianic woes have come to an end, τότε φανήσεται τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου ἐν οὐρανῷ then the sign of the Human One (who is) in heaven will appear; acc. to the context, the sign consists in this, that he appears visibly in heavenly glory Mt 24:30.—Lampe s.v. 10b.ⓒ as the abode of angels (Gen 21:17; 22:11; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 8, 12; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 34 [Stone p. 8]; ParJer 3:2; ApcMos 38; Just., D. 57, 2) Mt 18:10a; 22:30; 24:36; 28:2; Mk 12:25; 13:32; Lk 2:15; 22:43; J 1:51; Gal 1:8; Rv 10:1; 18:1; 19:14; 20:1. Cp. Eph 3:15.—Lampe s.v. 7.ⓓ Christians who have died also dwell in heaven (cp. Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 35 οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ θείων κ. μακαρίων αἰώνιον τάξιν; Libanius, Or. 21 p. 459, 9 F. πόρρω τοῦ τὸν οὐρανὸν οἰκοῦντος χοροῦ; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 33, 5; 12; Artem. 2, 68 p. 160, 25 τὰς ψυχὰς ἀπαλλαγείσας τῶν σωμάτων εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνιέναι τάχει χρωμένας ὑπερβάλλοντι; Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 23: the daemon of the dead holds the σῶμα of the dead person, τὴν ψυχὴν ὁ οὐρανός; Quintus Smyrn. 7, 88; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 26 [Stone p. 54]; TestJob 39:13; ApcEsdr 7:3). Their life, τὸ ἀληθῶς ἐν οὐρανῷ ζῆν, stands in strong contrast to the ὄντως θάνατος, that leads to the everlasting fire Dg 10:7b. Rhoda, who greets Hermas from heaven Hv 1, 1, 4, need not have died (s. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.), and still she shows us that heaven is open to the devout. Furthermore, the true citizenship of Christians is in heaven (Tat. 16, 1 τὴν ἐν οὐρανοῖς πορείαν; s. πολίτευμα) Phil 3:20; cp. Dg 5:9. Their names are enrolled in heaven (s. βίβλος 2) Lk 10:20; Hb 12:23. In heaven there await them their glorified body 2 Cor 5:1f, their reward Mt 5:12; Lk 6:23, their treasure Mt 6:20; Lk 12:33, the things they hoped for Col 1:5, their inheritance 1 Pt 1:4. It is a place of peace Lk 19:38.—ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ the New Jerusalem (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα 2) will come down to earth Rv 3:12; 21:2, 10.ⓔ The concept of a heaven in which God, attendant spirits of God, and the righteous dead abide, makes it easy to understand the taking over of certain OT expressions in which heaven is personified εὐφραίνεσθε οἱ οὐρανοί (cp. Is 44:23; 49:13; Mel., P. 98, 747) Rv 12:12; cp. 18:20; 9:3 (Is 1:2); 11:2 (Jer 2:12); 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:2).③ an indirect reference to God, God fig. ext. of 2 (s. βασιλεία 1b.—A common Hebrew practice, but not unknown among polytheists: Philippides Com. [IV/III B.C.] 27 νὴ τὸν οὐρανόν. Acc. to Clem. Al., Protr. 5, 66, 4 Θεόφραστος πῇ μὲν οὐρανὸν, πῇ δὲ πνεῦμα τὸν θεὸν ὑπονοεῖ=Theophrastus at one time thinks of God as heaven and at another time as spirit; Appian, Hann. 56 §233 σημεῖα ἐκ Διός [ln. 14 Viereck-R.]=ἐξ οὐρανοῦ [ln. 16]; JosAs 19:2; SEG XXVIII, 1251, 3 [III/IV A.D.; s. New Docs 3, 49f]). ἁμαρτάνειν εἰς τὸν οὐρ. sin against God Lk 15:18, 21. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30f; Lk 20:4f. βασιλεία τῶν οὐρ. (GrBar 11:2) in Mt=βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 3:2; 4:17; 5:3, 10, 19f; 7:21; 8:11; 10:7; 11:11f; 13:11, 24, 31, 33, 44f, 47, 52; 16:19; 18:1, 3f, 23; 19:12, 14, 23; 20:1; 22:2; 23:13; 25:1: J 3:5 v.l.; AcPl Ha 8, 31 (restored)=BMM verso 3.—B. 53; 1484. DELG. M-M. DLNT 439–43. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
3 νεφέλη
νεφέλη, ης, ἡ (Hom.+; Kaibel 375; pap, LXX, En, TestAbr; TestJob 42:3; TestLevi 18:5; ApcEsdr 5:7 p. 29, 32 Tdf.; Philo, Joseph., Just., Mel.) cloud ν. λευκή Rv 14:14a. Clouds fr. the west bringing rain Lk 12:54. νεφέλαι σκότους dark clouds as a comparison for a swarm of worms ApcPt 10:25. ν. σκοτεινή GJs 19:2, foll. by ἡ ν. ὑπεστέλλετο the cloud disappeared. ν. ἄνυδροι waterless clouds, that yield no rain Jd 12; cp. 2 Pt 2:17 v.l. Jesus at the Transfiguration was overshadowed by a νεφέλη φωτεινή bright cloud (ν. as a sign of God’s presence: Jos., Ant. 3, 290; 310) Mt 17:5; cp. Mk 9:7; Lk 9:34f (HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 130–45). περιβεβλημένος νεφέλην (Lucian, Jupp. Trag. 16) clothed in a cloud Rv 10:1. Christ ascending in a cloud Ac 1:9 (cp. Dosiadis [III B.C.]: 458 Fgm. 5 Jac. of Ganymede: νέφος ἥρπασεν αὐτὸν εἰς οὐρανόν; Ps.-Apollod. 2, 7, 7, 12 of Heracles). Likew. the believers 1 Th 4:17 (cp. PGM 5, 277 τὸν περιεχόμενον … ὑπὸ τῆς τοῦ ἀέρος νεφέλης); cp. Rv 11:12. Clouds as the vehicle of Christ at his second coming ἐρχόμενον ἐπὶ τῶν ν. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (cp. Da 7:13) Mt 24:30; 26:64. ἐν νεφέλαις Mk 13:26. ἐν νεφέλῃ Lk 21:27. μετὰ τῶν ν. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (Da 7:13 Theod.) Mk 14:62; cp. Rv 1:7. ἐπάνω τῶν ν. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ D 16:8; καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῆς ν. Rv 14:15f; ἐπὶ τὴν ν. vs. 14b. ὑπὸ τὴν ν. εἶναι be under the cloud 1 Cor 10:1 (for the idea cp. Ex 14:19ff; Num 14:14; Ps 104:39; Wsd 10:17; 19:7). πάντες ἐβαπτίσθησαν (v.l. ἐβαπτίσαντο; B-D-F §317; Rob. 808) ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ they were all baptized in (by) the cloud vs. 2 is meant to establish a baptism for those who were in the desert, even though neither the OT nor Jewish tradition views the cloud as a source of moisture.—On the function of clouds in apocalyptic scenarios s. JReeves, Heralds of That Good Realm ’96, 169f.—DELG s.v. νεφέλη I. M-M. TW. -
4 ὑπέρχομαι
ὑπ-έρχομαι, [tense] aor. ὑπῆλθον, [dialect] Ep. -ήλυθον, the only tense used by Hom. (in both forms); [dialect] Dor.subj.Aὑπένθῃ Berl.Sitzb.1927.158
([place name] Cyrene); [tense] pf.ὑπελήλυθε Men.498
:—go or come under, get under, c. acc.,ὑπήλυθε θάμνους Od.5.476
;ὑπήλθετε δῶμ' Ἀΐδαο 12.21
;ἐπεί κε μέλαθρον ὑπέλθῃ 18.150
, cf. Berl.Sitzb. l.c.;ὄφρ' ἂν γᾶν ὑπέλθῃ A.Eu. 339
(lyr.); [ἡ μήτρα] ὅλη [τὴν κύστιν] ὑπελήλυθεν Sor.1.7
: with a Prep., ὑπὸ τὴν φορὰν τοῦ ἀκοντίου come within its range, Antipho 3.2.5;εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ ἀκοντίου Id.3.4.5
; ὑπὸ τὸ βέλος ibid.: rarely c. dat., τοῖς στενοῖς enter (come under the mountains), Plu.Comp.Per.Fab.2.II of involuntary feelings, come upon, steal over one, c. acc.,Τρῶας δὲ τρόμος αἰνὸς ὑπήλυθε γυῖα Il.7.215
, 20.44;φρίκης αὐτὸν ὑπελθούσης Hdt.6.134
;ὥς μ' ὑπῆλθέ τις φόβος S.Ph. 1231
, cf. El. 1112; θαῦμά τοί μ' ὑπέρχεται ib. 928; ὥσθ' ἵμερός μ' ὑπῆλθε .. E.Med.57, cf. Philem.79.1;οὐ γάρ τις οἶκτος σῆς μ' ὑ. φυγῆς E.Hipp. 1089
; ἐς δ' ἄκραν δεῖμ' ὑπῆλθε κρατὸς φόβαν, of fear causing the hair to stand up, S.OC 1465 (lyr.);ἐκ ποδῶν δ' ἄνω ὑ. σπαραγμὸς εἰς ἄκρον κάρα A.Fr. 169
; .III of persons, creep or insinuate oneself into another's good graces, fawn upon,εἶδες οἷ' ὑπέρχεται ἡμᾶς; Ar.Eq. 269
(troch.);οἱ κριταὶ ὑ. Ἀλκιβιάδην And.4.21
; ὑ. τὰς ἀρχάς, τοὺς πολεμίους, X.Lac.8.2, Ath.2.14;ὑ. πάντας ἀνθρώπους καὶ δουλεύων Pl.Cri. 53e
;ὑ. καὶ θεραπεύειν D.23.8
;ὑ. δώροις καὶ κολακείαις Plu.Luc.6
.2 entrap, beguile,λάθρᾳ μ' ὑπελθών S.OT 386
;οἷ αὖ μ' ὑπῆλθες Id.Ph. 1007
;δόλῳ μ' ὑπῆλθες E.Andr. 435
, cf. Supp. 138, IA67;τὸν ἄνδρα ποικίλως ὑ. ἐν λόγοισιν Ar.Eq. 459
.VII of excrements, pass, Gal.18(2).147, Orib.Eup.1.9.10; ὑπέρχεται ῥᾳδίως, of laxative food, Gal.6.629; also of semen,καθεύδοντι ὑπέρχεται Ruf.
ap. Orib.6.38.29.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπέρχομαι
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5 ἐξουσία
ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ (Soph., Thu.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 30, 1; Mel., P. 104, 810 [Bodm.]) from ἔξεστιν.① a state of control over someth., freedom of choice, right (e.g., the ‘right’ to act, decide, or dispose of one’s property as one wishes: BGU 1158, 13 [9 B.C.] = Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 234, 13 legal t.t., esp. in wills: POxy 272, 13; BGU 183, 25 ἔχειν αὐτὴν τὴν ἐ. τῶν ἰδίων πάντων; PTebt 319, 21.—Sir 30:11) ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν have the right 2 Th 3:9 (Just., D 16, 4). W. inf. foll. (Teles p. 23, 14; 24, 11; Tob 2:13 S; 7:10 S) J 10:18; 1 Cor 9:4ff; Hb 13:10; Rv 13:5; B 4:2. W. obj. gen. foll. (τίς οὖν ἔτι ἔχει μου ἐξουσίαν; Epict. 3, 24, 70; διδόναι ἐξουσίαν τῶν πετεινῶν Did., Gen. 61, 24) εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐ. μετέχουσι 1 Cor 9:12. Also ἐ. ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς the right to the tree of life Rv 22:14. W. verbs of two constr. ἔχει ἐ. ὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος the potter has a right over the clay, to make fr. the same lump Ro 9:21. ἐ. ἔχειν περί τινος (4 Macc 4:5) be at liberty w. regard to a thing (opp. ἀνάγκην ἔχειν) 1 Cor 7:37; cp. 8:9; ἐ. ἐν τ. εὐαγγελίῳ a right in the gospel 9:18. ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐ. ὑπῆρχεν was at your disposal Ac 5:4 (Esth 4:17b; Appian, Liby. 52 §226 ἐν ἐ. εἶναι τί τινι=someth. is at someone’s disposal, is within one’s power).② potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power (on capacity for someth. cp. Did., Gen. 162, 5: ἡ προσαιρέσεως ἐξουσία; cp. 1 Esdr 4:28, 40; 2 Macc 7:16 the king can do what he pleases because he has the capability for doing so) ἡ ἐ. τ. ἵππων ἐν τ. στόματι αὐτῶν ἐστιν Rv 9:19; cp. vs. 3; 13:2, 4; 18:1; Mt 9:8; Ac 8:19. W. inf. foll. to indicate the thing that one is able to do (En 25:4 ἅψασθαι; Diod S 4, 52, 4 ἀμύνασθαι εἶχεν ἐξουσίαν; Mel., P. 104 πάντα κρίνει); ἐκβάλλειν τ. δαιμόνια [b]Mk 3:15. ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τ. γέενναν Lk 12:5; cp. J 1:12; 7:1 v.l.; Rv 9:10; 11:6. W. gen. of the inf. foll. τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων Lk 10:19; ποιεῖν ἐ. exercise power Rv 13:12. ἐ. ἔχειν τινός have power over someone (Epict. 4, 12, 8) GPt 3:7; ἑαυτοῦ IPol 7:3; also ἐ. ἔχειν ἐπί τινος Rv 20:6; cp. AcPl Ha 1, 3. Esp. of God’s power (Theodor. Prodr. 5, 313 ἡ θεῶν ἐ.; Da 4:17; Jos., Ant. 5, 109; 18, 214) Lk 12:5 (cp. 2 Cl 5:4); Ac 1:7; Jd 25; Hs 9, 23, 4. πάντων τ. ἐξουσίαν power over all Hm 4, 1, 11; Hs 9, 28, 8. πᾶσα ἡ ἐ. 5, 7, 3 (En 9:5). τὴν κατὰ πάντων ἐ. MPol. 2:1. τέλους ἐ. power over the end PtK 2 p. 13, 22. ἐ. ἐπὶ τ. πληγάς control over the plagues Rv 16:9. Also of Satan’s power Ac 26:18; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.; B 2:1.—The power that comes fr. God can involve transcendent knowledge, and both may be expressed by ἐ. (Herm. Wr. 1, 13; 14; 32). So his hearers conclude fr. Jesus’ teaching that he must have ἐ. (i.e. it is not necessary for him to first ask what the traditional practice or interpretation requires) Mk 1:22 (‘license’ of a Jewish teacher L-S-J-M Suppl., ’68; against this AArgyle, ET 80, ’68/69, 343); cp. Mt 7:29 (Rtzst., Poim. 48, 3, Mysterienrel.3 302; 363; JStarr, HTR 23, 1930, 302–5; HWindisch, Pls. u. Christus ’34, 151ff; DDaube, JTS 39, ’38, 45–59; HFlowers, ET 66, ’55, 254 [‘like a king’]; DHudson, ET 67, ’55/56, 17; JCoutts, JTS 8, ’57, 111–18 [Jesus and the 12]). The prep. expr. κατʼ ἐξουσίαν in accordance w. knowledge and power Mk 1:27 and ἐν ἐ. Lk 4:32 belong to this classification; cp. 4:36. The close relation of ἐ. w. ‘gnosis’ and teaching also B 18:1.—But it is not always possible to draw a hard and fast line betw. this sense and③ the right to control or command, authority, absolute power, warrant (Sextus 36: the πιστός has ἐ. fr. God) ἐ. καὶ ἐπιτροπή (cp. Ps.-Pla., Defin. p. 415c ἐξουσία, ἐπιτροπὴ νόμου) authority and commission Ac 26:12. ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς; by whose authority are you doing this? Mt 21:23, 24, 27; Mk 11:28, 29, 33; Lk 20:2, 8. ἐ. διδόναι τινί put someone in charge (Diod S 13, 36, 2; 14, 81, 6; cp. Vi. Aesopi G 11 p. 39, 6 P.; En 9:7; TestJob 3:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 90; 20, 193) Mk 13:34; PtK 2 p. 14, 13. οἷς ἔδωκεν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τὴν ἐ. to whom he gave rights over the Gospel (for its proclamation) B 8:3. ὅτι τὸ ἄρχειν ἐξουσίας ἐστίν that ruling depends on authority 6:18. Of apostolic authority 2 Cor 10:8; 13:10; ISm 4:1. Of Jesus’ total authority Mt 28:18 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 32; Da 7:14; DStanley, CBQ 29, ’67, 555–73); Hs 5, 6, 1. W. gen. of the one who has authority ἐ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ Rv 12:10 (Just., A I, 40, 7). W. gen. of that over which the authority is exercised (Diod S 2, 27, 3; IDefixWünsch 4, 21; Ps 135:8, 9; Wsd 10:14; Sir 17:2; Jos., Vi. 190) ἐ. πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων over the unclean spirits Mt 10:1; Mk 6:7; cp. J 17:2; Hm 4, 3, 5; PtK 2 p. 14, 13; 1 Cl 61:2; ISm 4:1; τούτου τοῦ λαοῦ Hs 8, 3, 3. Also ἐπί w. acc. (cp. Sir 33:20) Lk 9:1; cp. Rv 6:8; 13:7. Likew. ἐπί w. gen. (cp. Da 3:97) Rv 2:26; 11:6b; 14:18. παρά τινος (also ἀπό τινος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 13, 56) indicates the source of the authority (s. παρά A3b) Ac 9:14; 26:10; Hs 5, 6, 4 (restored from the Lat.; ἐ. λαμβάνειν as Diod S 11, 42, 6; TestJob 8:2f; 16:4; Vi. Aesopi G 11 p. 39, 4 P.) and κατά τινος the one against whom it is directed (TestJob 16:2 κατʼ ἐμοῦ; 8:2 κατὰ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μου ‘over my possessions’; Sb 8316, 6f κύριε Σάραπι δὸς αὐτῷ κατεξουσίαν κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 43, 25) J 19:11 (HvCampenhausen, TLZ 73, ’48, 387–92); B 4:13. W. pres. inf. foll. (cp. X., Mem. 2, 6, 24 and 35; Diod S 12, 75, 4; 1 Macc 10:35; 11:58; Jos., Ant. 4, 247) Mt 9:6; Mk 2:10; Lk 5:24; J 5:27. W. aor. inf. foll. (Jdth 8:15; 1 Esdr 8:22; 1 Macc 1:13) 19:10. Foll. by gen. of the pres. inf. (4 Macc 5:15) Hm 12, 4, 2.—RDillon, ‘As One Having Authority’ (Mark 1:22): CBQ 57, ’95, 92–113.④ power exercised by rulers or others in high position by virtue of their office, ruling power, official power (Ps.-Pla., Alc. 1, 135b al.; LXX; Jos., Bell. 2, 140, Vi. 80) ἐ. ὡς βασιλεύς Rv 17:12f (Diod S 2, 45, 1 βασιλικὴν ἐ. ἔχειν; 14, 32, 5 ἐ. λαμβάνειν); ἐ. τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Lk 20:20; cp. J 19:10f, s. 3 above. ἐ. ἐπάνω δέκα πόλεων Lk 19:17. ἄνθρωπος ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος a man under authority 7:8 (MFrost, ET 45, ’34, 477f); cp. Mt 8:9; Hs 1:3.—The power of a particular office (Diod S 1, 70, 1; 14, 113, 6 ἡ ὑπατικὴ ἐξουσία; Plut., Mar. 406 [2, 1], Caes. 734 [58, 1]) ἐπαρχικὴ ἐ. the power of prefect Phlm subscr.ⓐ human authorities, officials, government (Dionys. Hal. 8, 44; 11, 32; POxy 261, 15) Lk 12:11 (here and elsewh. in NT w. ἀρχή, as also in Pla.); Ro 13:1, 2, 3 (with 13:1b cp. the express. ‘ancient saying’ [s. Hes., Theogony 96 ἐκ δὲ Διὸς βασιλῆες. On this HFränkel, Dichtung u. Philos. des frühen Griechentums ’62, 111 n. 6] in Artem. 2, 36 p. 135, 24; 2, 69 p. 161, 17 τὸ κρατοῦν δύναμιν ἔχει θεοῦ=the ruling power has its authority from God; Wsd 6:3; Jos., Bell. 2, 140 οὐ δίχα θεοῦ περιγενέσθαι τινὶ τὸ ἄρχειν … ἐξουσίαν); Tit 3:1. For the view that the ἐ. of Ro 13 are spirit powers, as b below, s. OCullmann, Christ and Time (tr. Filson) ’50, 191–210.—On the subj. in gener. s. LGaugusch, D. Staatslehre d. Ap. Pls nach Ro 13: ThGl 5, ’34, 529–50; JUitman, Onder Eig. Vaandel 15, ’40, 102–21; HvCampenhausen, ABertholet Festschr. ’50, 97–113; OCullmann, Zur neuesten Diskussion über die ἐξουσίαι in Rö 13:1: TZ 10, ’54, 321–36, D. Staat im NT ’612 (Eng. tr.: The State in the NT ’56, 93–114); against him AStrobel, ZNW 47, ’56, 67–93.—GCaird, Princip. and Powers ’56; RMorgenthaler TZ 12, ’56, 289–304; CMorrison, The Powers That Be ’60; EBarnikol, Rö 13. Der nichtpaulinische Ursprung der absoluten Obrigkeitsbejahung v. Rö 13:1–7 ’61, 65–133; HSchlier, Principalities and Powers in the NT ’61 (Eng. tr.); MBorg, NTS 19, ’72/73, 205–18. οἱ ἐπʼ ἐξουσίαν ἀχθέντες those who are brought before the authorities Hs 9, 28, 4.ⓑ of transcendent rulers and functionaries: powers of the spirit world (TestLevi 3:8; TestSol 20:15 B), sg. (w. ἀρχή and δύναμις) 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; Col 2:10. Pl. (w. ἀρχαί as Just., D. 41, 1; cp. Orig., C. Cels. 4, 29, 22) Eph 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:15; (w. ἄγγελοι, δυνάμεις) 1 Pt 3:22. Cp. the v.l. for ἄρχειν Papias (4).⑥ the sphere in which power is exercised, domain (4 Km 20:13; Ps 113:2) Lk 4:6. ἐκ τ. ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου ἐστίν he comes fr. Herod’s jurisdiction 23:7. ἐ. τοῦ σκότους domain of darkness 22:53; Col 1:13 (opp. the βασιλεία of Christ). Hence ἐ. τοῦ ἀέρος simply domain of the air Eph 2:2; s. ἀήρ 2b.⑦ Various opinions are held about the mng. of 1 Cor 11:10 ὀφείλει ἡ γυνὴ ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους. Many now understand it as a means of exercising power (cp. δύναμις 1b.—It is abstract for concrete, as βασιλεία [1] in Diod S 1, 47, 5: a stone figure ἔχουσα τρεῖς βασιλείας ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς=that wears three symbols of royal power [diadems] on its head), that is to say, the veil (κάλυμμα is v.l. for ἐ. here; s. critical apparatus in N.) by which women at prayer (when they draw near to the heavenly realm) protect themselves fr. the amorous glances of certain angels. But the veil may also have been simply a symbol of womanly dignity, esp. befitting a Christian woman, and esp. in the presence of holy angels (s. Cadbury below).—WWeber, ZWT 46, 1903, 487–99; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 12–23 al.; EFehrle, Die kultische Keuschheit im Altertum1910, 39; RPerdelwitz, StKr 86, 1913, 611–13; LBrun, ZNW 14, 1913, 298–308; GKittel, Rabbinica 1920, 17ff; Billerb. III 423–35; KBornhäuser, NKZ 41, 1930, 475–88; WFoerster, ZNW 30, ’31, 185f; MGinsburger, RHPR 12, ’32, 245–47; OMotta, ET 44, ’33, 139–41; CSpicq, RB 48, ’39, 557–62; EBlakeney, ET 55, ’44, 138; SLösch, TQ 127, ’47, 216–61; JFitzmyer, NTS 3, ’57, 48–58; HCadbury, HTR 51, ’58, 1f (Qumran parallels); MHooker, NTS 10, ’64, 410–16; AIsaksson, Marriage and Ministry in the NT ’65, 176–81; GSchwartz, ZNW 70, ’79, 249 (Aramaic background).—LCerfaux et JTondriau, Un Concurrent du Christianisme, ’57. S. on ἄγγελος 2c.—V.l. for ἄρχειν Papias (4).—DELG s.v. εἰμί. New Docs 2, 83f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
6 ὑποτίθημι
A place under,ὑπὸ κύκλα ἑκάστῳ πυθμένι θῆκεν Il.18.375
; τὰ φρύγαν' ὑ. puts the firewood under, Telecl.40; θεοῦ βάσεις ὑποτιθέντος putting legs or feet under them, Pl.Ti. 92a, cf. Arist.PA 686a34;σιδηρᾶς κανονίδας ὑ. Ph.Bel.57.11
, cf. 60.31, al.;ὑπὸ ποταμοὺς πολλοὺς.. πόλιν ὑ. Pl.Lg. 682c
;κύλικα ὑπὸ τὴν κλίνην IG12(5).593.21
(Iulis, v B. C.); ὀχετὸν ἐκποιήσαντι καὶ ὑποθέντι ib. 12.373.66;[φοίνικας] ὑ. X.Cyr.7.5.12
;ἀλεκτορίδι ὑ. τὰ ᾠά Arist.HA 564b3
; ἑαυτὴν [ τῷ ἄρρενι] ib. 540a11;ὑ. <τι> ὑπὸ τὸν ὀφθαλμόν Id.Pr. 874a9
; of a prancing horse,ὑ. τὰ ὀπίσθια σκέλη ὑπὸ τὰ ἐμπρόσθια X.Eq. 11.2
; τὰ ὄπισθεν σκέλη διὰ πολλοῦ ὑ. bring up his hind legs far apart from one another, ib.1.14;κατακλίνεται [ὁ λαγὼς] ὑποθεὶς τὰ ὑποκώλια ὑπὸ τὰς λαγόνας Id.Cyn.5.10
: metaph.,ὑποχειρίους τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὑ. τὰς αὑτῶν πατρίδας Pl.Plt. 308a
; ἔστε ὑπέθηκε Ἀΐδᾳ until he handed him over to Hades, of a hound attacking a boar, PCair.Zen.532.11 (iii B. C.):—[voice] Med., place under one's feet, τι X.Cyr.8.1.41;τοὺς μηροὺς ὑφ' αὑτά Arist.IA 713a23
.b subjoin, enclose, append a document, (iii B. C.), cf. Sammelb.5675.2 (ii B. C.), etc.: so in [voice] Med., PLond.3.921.10 (ii/iii A. D.).II set before one, offer, suggest,τὴν ἐν φίλοις δικαιοτάτην ὑπόθεσιν ἔχω ὑποτιθέναι X.Cyr.5.5.13
; hold out hope,ὑποτιθεῖς τίν' ἐλπίδα; E.Or. 1186
, cf. X.HG4.8.28, D.23.58, Plu.2.256a, Lys. 23, Aristid.1.379 J.; ;ἡ εὐπραγία ὑ. ἰσχὺν τῆς ἐλπίδος Id.4.65
; ὑπέθηκας ὀρθῶς τοὺς λόγους, i. e. you have given good advice, E.IA 507; τὸν ὑποθέντα τὰς τέχνας γυναιξὶ τόνδε he who proposed these tricks to the women, Id.Ba. 675:—earlier in [voice] Med., suggest, ; , cf. Il.11.788;δόλον ὑπεθήκατο Hes.Th. 175
;ἄλλα μὲν αὐτὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ σῇσι νοήσεις, ἄλλα δὲ καὶ δαίμων ὑποθήσεται Od.3.27
;Κροῖσος ταῦτά οἱ ὑπετίθετο Hdt. 1.156
, cf. 3.36;ἔπεμψέ με σωτηρίην ὑποθησόμενον ὑμῖν, ἤν περ βούλησθε πείθεσθαι Id.5.98
, cf. 7.237; : c. dat. pers. only, advise, counsel, admonish one, Od.2.194, 5.143, Ar.Av. 1362, Lys. 522 (anap.), Pl.Chrm. 155d: with an Adv.,ἀλλά μοι εὖ ὑπόθευ Od. 15.310
, cf. Hdt.1.90;αὐτάρ τοι πυκινῶς ὑποθησόμεθ', αἴ κε πίθηαι Il. 21.293
.2 [voice] Med., in stronger sense, enjoin, ; of a doctor, Pl.Plt. 295c; of Nestor, Id.Hp.Ma.286b; [Μέττιος Ῥοῦφος] τῷ στρατηγῷ περὶ τούτου ὑπέθετο POxy. 237 vi 40
(ii A. D.); gloss on ἐπιστέλλει, Sch.S.OT 106; of Pythagoras,τὴν εἰς τὸ σπονδειακὸν μεταβολὴν ὑπέθετο τῷ αὐλητῇ Iamb.VP25.112
; (ii A. D.); δύο σκοποὺς ὑποθέσθαι τῆς φλεβοτομίας prescribe two conditions of (successful) venesection, Gal.15.765.3 [voice] Med., instruct, demonstrate, ; δεῖ ὑποθέσθαι τί λέγομεν τὸ βαρύ as a preliminary we must explain, Id.Cael. 269b20;ὑ. ὡς χρὴ μάχεσθαι Philostr.Her.10.5
;Φινεὺς.. τοῖς Ἀργοναύταις.. περὶ τῶν συμπληγάδων ὑπέθετο πετρῶν Apollod.1.9.22
;ὁ ὑποθέμενος αὐτῷ τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν Arr.Epict.1.26.13
, cf. 2.2.21;παλαισμάτων εἴδη ὁπόσα ἐστί, δηλώσει ὁ παιδοτρίβης, καιρούς τε ὑποθέμενος κτλ. Philostr.Gym.14
: c. acc. et inf.,ὑ. τῷ ἐπιεικεῖ παιδὶ ῥᾴδιον πεφυκέναι κτλ. Iamb.VP10.51
.III [voice] Med., propose to oneself as a task,πολεμιστήριον [ἵππον] ὑπεθέμεθα ὠνεῖσθαι X.Eq.3.7
;δεῖ ὑποτίθεσθαι κατ' εὐχήν, μηδὲν μέντοι ἀδύνατον Arist. Pol. 1265a17
; make up one's mind, adopt as a policy, ;τοῦθ' ὑπέθετο, δεινότατον πρᾶγμα, οἶμαι, ὅπως ἐν ἐκείνῳ εἴη.. φάναι And.1.39
;ἕνα τοῦτον ὑποθέμενος τὸν σκοπόν, ἅπαντας ἡμᾶς ἀγορεύειν κακῶς Luc.Pisc.7
;πρὶν τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον D.3.2
:—[voice] Pass.,ὁ ὑποτεθεὶς σκοπός Arist.EN 1144a24
.2 propose to oneself as a subject of discussion or argument,ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ ἄρξωμαι καὶ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ὑποθέσεως, περὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς αὐτοῦ ὑποθέμενος, εἴτε ἕν ἐστιν εἴτε μή [ἕν], τί χρὴ συμβαίνειν; Pl.Prm. 137b
, cf. Ti. 26a;ἵνα μὴ δοκῶ περὶ τὰ μέρη διατρίβειν, ὑπὲρ ὅλων τῶν πραγμάτων ὑποθέμενος Isoc. 4.51
, cf. 12.119;ὥσπερ ὑπεθέμην Thphr.Char.Prooem.5
;περὶ ἀέρος εἰπόντες, ὥσπερ ὑπεθέμεθα Arist.Mete. 340a23
, cf. Rh. 1432b5, Aeschin. 1.37, 2.102;ὑποθησόμεθα ταύτης ἀρχὴν τῆς βύβλου τὴν πρώτην διάβασιν ἐξ Ἰταλίας Ῥωμαίων Plb.1.5.1
:—[voice] Pass.,οἱ ὑποτεθέντες λόγοι Pl. Lg. 812a
.IV [voice] Med., assume as a preliminary,ταύτην μὲν δὴ πυρὸς ἀρχὴν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων σωμάτων ὑποτιθέμεθα Id.Ti. 53d
;ὑποθέμενος ἑκάστοτε λόγον.., ἃ μὲν ἄν μοι δοκῇ τούτῳ συμφωνεῖν, τίθημι ὡς ἀληθῆ ὄντα Id.Phd. 100a
;οἱ περὶ τὰς γεωμετρίας.. ὑποθέμενοι.. τὰ σχήματα,.. ποιησάμενοι ὑποθέσεις αὐτά Id.R. 510c
; ;ὃ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑπετιθέμεθα Id.Chrm. 171d
;ἐὰν ὡς ὂν ὑποθῇ ὃ ὑπετίθεσο Id.Prm. 136c
; ὑ. περί τινος ὡς ὄντος ib. 136b, cf. 137b, Plt. 284c;ὑ. ὡς τούτου οὕτως ἔχοντος Id.R. 437a
: c. acc. et inf., assume or suppose that.., Id.Phd. 100b, Prt. 339d: without inf., [ τὴν ἀρετὴν] διδακτὸν ὑ. assume it to be teachable, ib. 361b;τἀναντία οἷς ὑπεθέμην Id.Tht. 165d
; ὥσπερ ὑπέθου as you began by requiring, Id.R. 346b (referring to 336d):—[voice] Pass., esp. in [tense] aor. ὑπετέθην (cf.ὑπόκειμαι 11.2
), Id.Ti. 48e, 61d;τὰ ὑποτεθέντα Id.Prm. 136b
; τῶν καλῶν τι ἡ σωφροσύνη ὑπετέθη was assumed to be.., Id.Chrm. 160d (referring to 159c);τοῦτο δ' ἀδύνατον, ὥστε ψεῦδος τὸ ὑποτεθέν Arist.APr. 61a31
; εἰ τοῦτό τις ὑποτεθείη γινώσκειν if it were assumed that one knew this, Phld.Rh.2.17S.2 later, assume, suppose, estimate,παρέσομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ὡς ὑποτίθεμαι, τῇ ιζ PCair.Zen.247.4
(iii B. C.); ὑποτιθεμένου τοῦ ποδὸς δραχμῆς the foot being reckoned at one drachma, Supp.Epigr.4.446.14 (Didyma, iii/ii B. C.), cf. PCair.Zen. 15r.34 (iii B. C.); τὸν χιλιάρουρον (sc. ἀμπελῶνα) ὑποτιθέμεθα ἐπὶ τὸ ἔλαττον we assess at the reduced sum, ib.361.9 (iii B. C.); νεώτερον αὐτὸν ὑ. put him down as younger, D.H.4.6; ταῦτα τὸν Ὅμηρον ὡς συστρατιώτην ἔφη εἰρηκέναι καὶ οὐχ ὡς ὑποτιθέμενον not as a composer of fiction, Philostr.Her.4.4.V [voice] Act., establish as a preliminary, premise, ταῦθ' ὑποθεὶς ἐπεῖπεν ὡς .. Aeschin.2.157; τοῦθ' ὑποθέντες ἀκούετε τῇ γνώμῃ, τί ἄν, εἴ τις ἔπασχε ταῦθ' ὑμῶν, ἐποίει after deciding in your own minds, D.21.108;ῥυθμοὺς καὶ σχῆμα ἐλευθέριον ὑποθεῖσαι μέλος ἢ λόγον ἐναντίον ἀποδοῦναι Pl.Lg. 669c
.2 represent as ὑποκείμενον (v.ὑπόκειμαι 11.8
),εἰ μή τις ἑτέραν ὑποθήσει τοῖς ἐναντίοις φύσιν Arist.Ph. 189a28
; [ἀρχὴν] ἄν τε μίαν ἄν τε πλείους Id.Metaph. 988a24
.VII put down as a deposit or stake, pawn, pledge, mortgage,τοῦτο τὸ ἐνέχυρον Hdt.2.136
; τὴν οἰκίαν, τὴν οὐσίαν, Isoc.21.2, D.28.17, 49.12; ὑπέθεσαν αὐτῷ τοῦ ταλάντου τὰς προσόδους mortgaged their revenues for the talent, Aeschin.3.104;τῷ πατρὶ τἀνδράποδα D.27.25
;δραχμὴν ὑπόθες Diph.73.2
;ὑποθέμενοι χρυσίον IG12.313.177
; τὴν οἰκίαν πωλοῦντα καὶ ὑποτιθέντα selling and mortgaging, i.e. having full ownership of, the house, PCair.Zen.588.1, cf. 9 (iii B. C.), PRyl.162.28 (ii A. D.); cf.ὑποθήκη 11
:—[voice] Med., of the mortgagee, lend money on pledge, D.28.18;ὑποθέσθαι τὰ σκεύη τῆς νεώς Id.50.55
:— but the [voice] Med. is used for the [voice] Act. in later writers, Plu.Cat.Mi.6:— for the [voice] Pass., ὑπόκειμαι is used, except in [tense] aor. 1, πόρους (revenues) ὑποκεῖσθαι αὐτοῖς τούς τε ὑποτεθέντας εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον .. OGI46.10 (Halic., iii B. C.), cf. AJP56.375 (Colophon, iv B. C., [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass.); cf. τίθημι.2 stake, hazard, venture, ; τὸν ἴδιον κίνδυνον ὑποθείς at his own risk, D.19.252; alsoἑαυτὸν ἔγγυον ὑποθείς Plu.Crass.7
;τὴν ψυχὴν ταῖς τύχαις Luc.Dem.Enc.41
;τὰ σὰ τοῖς ἐκτός Arr.Epict.2.2.12
; τὸν τράχηλον ib.4.1.77; ἑαυτὸν τῷ νόμῳ, i. e. risked the penalties of the law, Philostr.Gym.24;οὐδὲ αὑτοὺς ταύταις ὑποθήσομεν ταῖς αἰτίαις Jul.Or.3.112a
; νομίμοις ποιναῖς ὑποθεῖναι [ αὐτούς] PMasp.24.50 (vi A. D.); ἑαυτὸν [ ὀργῇ] Plu.Them.24;τοῖς κινδύνοις σφᾶς αὐτούς Aristid.1.467
J.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποτίθημι
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7 φύσις
φύσις [pron. full] [ῠ], ἡ, gen. φύσεως, poet. φύσεος prob. (metri gr.) in E.Tr. 886, cf. Ar.V. 1282 (lyr.), 1458 (lyr.), [dialect] Ion. φύσιος: dual φύσει (I origin,φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ.. τελευτή Emp.8.1
(cf. Plu.2.1112a);φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα Pl.Lg. 892c
;ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν Arist.Ph. 193b12
;φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις Id.Metaph. 1014b16
; freq. of persons, birth,φύσει νεώτερος S.OC 1295
, cf. Aj. 1301, etc.;φύσι γεγονότες εὖ Hdt.7.134
; φύσει, opp. θέσει (by adoption), D.L.9.25;φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος Ath.4.183d
; so ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός, Plb. 3.9.6, 3.12.3, 11.2.2; also in acc.,ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν S.El. 325
; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν ib. 1125, cf. Isoc.3.42.2 growth, τριχῶν, παιδίου, Hp.Nat.Puer.20,29, cf. 27: pl.,γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων Plot.4.3.13
.II the natural form or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου Arist.Pol. 1252b33
): hence,1 nature, constitution, once in Hom., καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ φαρμάκου)ἔδειξε Od.10.303
;φ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.2.5
;τῆς Ἀττικῆς X.Vect.1.2
, cf. Oec.16.2, D.18.146, etc.;τῆς τριχός X.Eq.5.5
; αἵματος, ἀέρος, etc., Arist.PA 648a21, Mete. 340a36, etc.: pl.,φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων Isoc.7.74
;αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν Id.12.134
;ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. Pl.R. 525c
;ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. X.Mem.1.1.11
, etc.;ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. IG22.1099.28
(Epist.Plotinae).2 outward form, appearance,μέζονας ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38
; ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν either in mind or outward form, Pi.N.6.5;οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν Id.I.4(3).49
(67);μορφῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. A.Supp. 496
; (read εἷρπε, taking φ. with ἔχων), cf. Tr. 379; δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν prob. in E.Ba. 1358;τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. Ar.V. 1071
(troch.), cf. Nu. 503;τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. Isoc.9.75
.3 Medic., constitution, temperament, Hp.Aph.3.2 (pl.), al.;ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις Id.Acut.43
;φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει Id.Fract.7
;φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί Id.Epid.6.5.1
.b natural place or position of a bone or joint, ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι, Id.Art.61, 62, al.;ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. Id.VC5
, al.;φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων Id.Nat.Puer.17
.4 of the mind, one's nature, character,ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ Emp.110.5
;εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν.. ἡ σή S.Ph. 874
; τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι, ib. 902, 1310;φ. φρενός E.Med. 103
(anap.);ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. Th.1.76
;φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς X.Cyr.1.2.2
;ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ' ἴση E.Fr. 168
; φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική, etc., Pl.R. 410e, 576a, etc.;δεξιοὶ φύσιν A.Pr. 489
;ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν Id.Pers. 441
;τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις Ar.V. 1458
(lyr.), cf. 1282 (lyr.);Σόλων.. ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. Id.Nu. 1187
;ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι X.Ath.2.19
; φύσεως ἰσχύς force of natural powers, Th.1.138; φύσεως κακία badness of natural disposition, D.20.140;ἀγαθοὶ.. γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος Arist. Pol. 1332a40
; χρῶ τῇ φύσει, i.e. give rein to your natural propensities, Ar.Nu. 1078, cf. Isoc.7.38;τῇ φ. χρώμενος Plu.Cor.18
;θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. 2 Ep.Pet.1.4
: pl., Isoc.4.113, v.l. in E.Andr. 956;οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. Pl.R. 526c
, cf. 375b, al.: prov.,ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. Jul.Mis. 353a
.b instinct in animals, etc., Democr.278; ap. Stob.1.41.6;ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει Corp.Herm. 9.1
, cf. 12.1.5 freq. in periphrases, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ' ὀργάνειας, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, S.OT 335;χθονὸς φ. A.Ag. 633
; esp. in Pl.,ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. Phdr. 251b
;ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων Smp. 186b
; ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας its natural weakness, Phd. 87e;ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. Ti. 84c
;ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. Lg. 862d
, al.; ἡ φ., with gen. understood, Smp. 191a, Phd. 109e.III the regular order of nature,τύχη.. ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης Democr.176
;κατὰ φύσιν Pl.R. 444d
, etc.; τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι growing naturally, Hdt.2.38, cf. Alex.156.7 (troch.); (cf. Pl.Grg. 488b);κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν Heraclit.112
; opp. παρὰ φύσιν, E.Ph. 395, Th.6.17, etc.;παρὰ τὴν φ. Anaxipp.1.18
; προδότης ἐκ φύσεως a traitor by nature, Aeschin.2.165; πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον before the natural term, Plu.Comp.Dem.Cic.5: freq. in dat. φύσει (ἐν φ. Hp.
Aër.14) by nature, naturally, opp. τύχῃ, τέχνῃ, Pl.Lg. 889b, cf. R. 381b;φύσει τοιοῦτος Ar.Pl. 275
, cf. 279, al.;ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι Arist.Pol. 1253a3
; ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ' ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν ib. 1254a15;φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ Philem.95.2
; opp. νόμῳ (by convention), Philol.9, Archelaus ap.D.L.2.16, Pl.Grg. 482e, cf. Prt. 337d, etc.;τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ' ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα Antipho Soph.44
Ai 32 (Vorsokr.5);ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται D.25.15
;τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους Men.Mon. 492
;οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί Pl. Ap. 22c
;φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν S.Ph.79
, cf. Pl.Phlb. 14c, etc.;φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι Antipho Soph.44
Bii 10 (Vorsokr.5); φύσιν ἔχει c. inf., it is natural, κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι (sc. τὸν Ἡρακλέα); Hdt.2.45, cf. Pl.R. 473a; οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν it is contrary to nature, ib. 489b; ;τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει Polem.Call.36
.IV in Philosophy:1 nature as an originating power,φ. λέγεται.. ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων Arist.Metaph. 1014b16
;ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν Id.Cael. 271a33
; ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ ib. 291b13;ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ Id.Metaph. 1070a8
, cf. Mete. 381b5, etc.;φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ Heraclit.123
;ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. Plot.4.4.44
; φ. κοινή, the principle of growth in the universe, Cleanth.Stoic.1.126; as Stoic t.t., the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν, Stoic.1.44, cf. 35, al., S.E.M.9.81; Nature, personified,χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. Epicur.Fr. 469
;Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη Phld. Piet.12
;ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. Corp.Herm.1.14
.2 elementary substance,κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα Pl.Lg. 891c
, cf. Arist.Fr.52 (defined asτὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν.. ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι Gal.15.3
);τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν Arist.Metaph. 1014b33
: pl., Epicur.Ep. 1p.6U., al.;ἄτομοι φ.
atoms,Democr.
ap. Diog.Oen.5, Epicur.Ep. 1p.7U.;ἄφθαρτοι φ. Phld.Piet.83
.3 concrete, the creation, 'Nature',ἀθανάτου.. φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων E.Fr. 910
(anap.);περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν Pl.Prt. 315c
; περὶ φύσεως, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.;[σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν Pl.Phd. 96a
;περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη Epicr.11.13
(anap.); so later,ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν Plot.2.2.1
;τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. Corp.Herm.1.8
; αἱ δύο φ., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., PMag.Leid.W.6.42.4 Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.12.V as a concrete term, creature, freq. in collect. sense, θνητὴ φ. mankind, S.Fr. 590 (anap.), cf. OT 869 (lyr.); πόντου εἰναλία φ. the creatures of the sea, Id.Ant. 345 (lyr.);ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε Pl.R. 359c
, cf. Plt. 272c; ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ. woman- kind (opp. τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον) X.Lac.3.4: also in pl., S.OT 674, Pl.R. 588c, Plt. 306e, X.Oec.13.9; in contemptuous sense, αἱ τοιαῦται φ. such creatures as these, Isoc.4.113, cf. 20.11, Aeschin.1.191.b of plants or material substances,φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι D.S.2.49
;ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν Corp.Herm. 1.4
.VI kind, sort, species,ταύτην.. ἔχειν βιοτῆς.. φύσιν S.Ph. 165
(anap.);ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν Pl.R. 429d
; φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων] species, X.Cyn.3.1; natural group or class of plants, Thphr.HP6.1.1 (pl.).VII sex, θῆλυς φῦσα (prob. for οὖσα)κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν S.Tr. 1062
, cf. OC 445, Th.2.45, Pl.Lg. 770d, 944d: hence,
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